英語の摩擦音 (4) — ‘th’ の発音と摩擦音の総合練習

22nd/10/2009

今回は ‘th’ の綴りで表される摩擦音の練習をして、さらに、これまでやった摩擦音の復習もやってみましょう。
‘th’ の部分は、いくつかの例外的な単語を除いて、dental fricative と呼ばれる摩擦音で発音されます。

さて、dental fricatives(/θ/, /ð/) には主に2つの調音方法があります。その一つが “interdental” と呼ばれる調音方法で、これは下の図で示してある通り、舌先を上と下の前歯に挟み込むやり方です。この調音方法は、個人差はあるにせよ、American よりも British のほうでよく見られます。また、dental fricative がある音節が強く発音されると interdental で調音される傾向があります。

interdental

interdental


二つめの調音方法は、舌先を上の前歯の裏側に軽く押しあてて作るやり方です。これは American では最も一般的で、British でも非常によく行われる調音方法です。また、無声音の θ よりも有性音の ð のほうがこのやり方で調音される傾向にあります。
摩擦音すべてに言えることですが、無声音よりも有性音の摩擦音のほうが摩擦自体は弱くなります。

いくつかの単語で練習してみましょう。↓

dental_fricatives_words.mp3

theme /θi:m/、think /θɪŋk/、thought /θɔ:t/、through /θru:/、wealth /welθ/、
these /ði:z/、this /ðɪs/、they /ðeɪ/、mother /ˈmʌðə(r)/、breathe /bri:ð/

つぎにセンテンスで練習してみましょう。↓

dental_fricatives_sentencess.mp3

● This is the one that I wanted. /ˈðɪs ɪz ðə ˈwʌn ðət aɪ ˈwɒntd/
● I think they thought about it. /aɪ ˈθɪŋk ðeɪ ˈθɔ:t əbaʊt ɪt/
● That’s the thing she did. /ˈðæts ðə ˈθɪŋg ʃi ˈdɪd/

こんどは、これまで紹介してきた摩擦音も含めて、次のセンテンスを使って練習してみることにしましょう。まだ紹介していない摩擦音がいくつかありますが、それらは後日説明するということで、今回はそれらも含めて摩擦音で発音する箇所はすべて太字で表してあります。↓

dental_fricatives_passage.mp3

Leadership is enormously important in business. Everyone wants it and they’re prepared to follow anyone who says how to do it.
In order to lead people you have to know where you’re going. This destination is called ‘a vision’ in business or, in the real world, a mirage. When you’re driving somewhere it’s a lot easier to go somewhere you’ve been before. It’s the same in business, so you should make sure your vision is to go somewhere you’ve already been. This will make your job and everyone else’s a lot easier. Try having a vision something like, “We passionately want to be fourth in our sector in the East Midlands.”
— From: Guy Browning (2006), Office Politics. —

Today’s my singing
今回は Engerburt Humperdinck の大ヒット曲 “Love Me With All Of Your Heart”(邦題は「太陽は燃えている」)を歌ってみました。この歌、言葉数が少ないので歌いやすいかと思われますが、いやいやどうして、ひとつひとつの単語を正確に発音しないと曲の美しさが台無しです。洋楽を練習するにはもってこいのナンバーです。上の passage と同様、摩擦音で発音する箇所はすべて太字で示します。↓

Love Me With All Of Your Heart 2011.mp3

Love me with all of your heart
That’s all I want, love
Love me with all of your heart
Or not at all

Just promise me this
That you’ll give me all your kisses
Every winter
Every summer
Every fall

When we are far apart
Or when you’re near me
Love me with all of your heart
As I love you

Don’t give me your love
For a moment or an hour
Love me always
As you’ve loved me
From the start
With every beat of your heart

Fricatives in Japanese tend to be weaker and shorter than they are in English. Therefore Japanese learners of English should pay more attention to fricatives when they speak English. When singing English songs, particularly ballads like “Love Me With All Of Your Heart” which I have sung this time, you should make sure you pronounce fricatives correctly and beautifully. ↓

fricatives_comment_english.mp3

(*発音矯正を望まれる歌手・俳優、また、英語を使うお仕事をされている方は、ホームページをご覧の上メールでご相談ください。)

T-ACT英語発音矯正サービス
Email: s-tanaka@hatsuon-kyosei.com
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